Forestry Governance in Indonesia within the European Union - Indonesia FLEGT-VPA Framework (2013-2015)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.24Keywords:
FLEGT-VPA, European Union, Indonesia, Forest Governance, Illegal LoggingAbstract
Abstrak: Pengelolaan hutan di Indonesia menjadi sorotan berbagai pihak, baik lokal maupun global. Terdapat empat isu utama yang menjadi tantangan dalam pengelolaan hutan di Indonesia, yakni penegakan hukum yang kurang efektif, kelemahan kapasitas manajemen hutan di tingkat lokasi, kebijakan yang saling tumpang tindih, masalah kepemilikan lahan, serta masalah kecacatan dokumen legalitas dan meningkatnya penebangan liar. Keempat isu ini berdampak langsung pada negara konsumen, termasuk Uni Eropa. Sebagai negara konsumen, Uni Eropa merespons masalah penebangan liar melalui Rencana Tindakan Penegakan Hukum, Tata Kelola, dan Perdagangan Sektor Kehutanan (FLEGT) yang diperkenalkan pada tahun 2003. Rencana ini mencakup kesepakatan kemitraan sukarela (Voluntary Partnership Agreements/VPA) dengan negara-negara mitra, serta Peraturan Kayu Uni Eropa (European Union Timber Regulation/EUTR) yang bertujuan untuk menghentikan peredaran kayu ilegal di pasar UE. Indonesia selaku eksportir kayu UE bergabung ke dalam kemitraan sukarela ini dan berhasil mengimplementasikan FLEGT-VPA pada pertengahan tahun 2011. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada salah satu isu utama yaitu pendapatan dari sektor hutan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kontribusi FLEGT-VPA UE dalam meningkatkan tata kelola kehutanan di Indonesia. Pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil akhir penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbaikan dalam tata kelola hutan di Indonesia setelah implementasi FLEGT-VPA UE dari tahun 2013 hingga 2015.
Abstract: Forest management in Indonesia is in the spotlight of various parties, both locally and globally. There are four main issues that pose challenges to forest management in Indonesia, namely ineffective law enforcement, weak forest management capacities at the site level, overlapping policies, land tenure issues, and problems with flawed legality documents and increasing illegal logging. These four issues have a direct impact on consumer countries, including the European Union. As a consumer country, the European Union is responding to the problem of illegal logging through the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Action Plan introduced in 2003. This plan includes Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) with partner countries, as well as the European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR) which aims to stop the circulation of illegal timber on the European Union (EU) market. Indonesia, as an EU timber exporter, joined this voluntary partnership and successfully implemented the FLEGT-VPA in mid-2011. This research focused on one of the main issues, namely income from the forest sector. The purpose of this research is to analyze the contribution of the EU FLEGT-VPA in improving forestry governance in Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive approach is used in this research. The results of the study show an improvement in forest governance in Indonesia after the implementation of the EU's FLEGT-VPA from 2013 to 2015.
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