The Implementation of the Jerusalem Embassy Act Under President

: This article is aimed at analyzing the national interests and foreign policy of the United States under the leadership of President Donald J. Trump regarding the relocation of the United States Embassy in Israel from Tel-Aviv to Jerusalem on December 6, 2017. The relocation of the United States Embassy had been stipulated in the Jerusalem Embassy Act approved by the 104th United States congress in 1995 during the administration of President Bill Clinton. However, for several decades the implementation of the law was not realized until 2016. Furthermore, the law was realized during the administration of President Donald J. Trump who was supported by members of the 115th Congress in 2017. Using the theoretical framework of foreign policy and national interest, this article argues that the decision to relocate the United States Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem was due to some factors such as the influential role of the Israeli lobby, which greatly influences the direction of US foreign policy especially with regard to Israel, the conservative characteristics of the Republic Party, the Evangelical and Zionist Christian groups, which support Israeli’s interests, and the special bilateral relations between Israel and the United States.


INTRODUCTION
Foreign policy is an overall component consisting of achieving goals, a set of values, and decisions made and actions taken by the state (Webber and Smith 2002, 56) The purpose of foreign policy is to promote national interest in the international system between certain states are generally based on the interests of their own states (Petrič 2013, 15) In this case, the United States of America (USA) has its own concept of foreign policy. The foreign policy of the U.S. is generally related to its national goals, such as economy, politics, and the spread of the ideology of liberalism and democracy (Bardes, Shelley, and Schmidt 2021, 17).
One of the regions that concerns the U.S. is the Middle East. As a superpower, the foreign policy of the U.S. greatly affects that region, especially the prolonged conflict between Israel and Palestine (Baxter and Akbarzadeh 2012, 75). Since 1920s, the situation has been tense in Palestine due to massive Jews migration from all over the world to Palestine (Cleveland and Bunton 2016, 71). ISSN: 2987-6958 DOI: 10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.21 JSGS Vol. 1. No. 1. (2023 statement confirms that Jerusalem is an undivided city, and the rights of religion and every ethnic group are protected. The status of Jerusalem to be the capital of Israel and the relocation of the U.S. Embassy must be established in Israel by May 31,1999. The law also stipulates that the U.S. Government also provides funds not more than 50 percent allocated to the State Department for the "Acquisition   (Moaddel 2002, 47). The relocation of the U.S.
Embassy to Jerusalem is one of Trump's campaign promises of presidential ISSN: 2987-6958 DOI: 10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.21 JSGS Vol. 1. No. 1. (2023 election in 2016 (Davis 2019, 11)  The foreign policy of relocating the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem was a result of various interests and influences. ISSN: 2987-6958 DOI: 10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.21 JSGS Vol. 1. No. 1. (2023 This article attempts to analyze factors that led to the implementation of the Jerusalem Embassy Act (JEA) by President Donald J. Trump supporting relocation of the United States Embassy in Israel from Tel-Aviv to Jerusalem. This study employs the theoretical perspectives of foreign policy and national interest.
It argues that the United States' relocation policy was driven by a combination of factors such as the powerful Israeli's lobby groups, the nature of the Republican Party that traditionally supports Israel and its interests, the influential evangelical and Zionist Christian groups, and the very close diplomatic relations between the United States and Israel.

METHODS
The research methodology used in this study is a qualitative method. It is a research procedure method are research procedures that delivers descriptive data in the form of spoken or written words from observable behavior or people (Potter 1996, 55). Descriptive research is a type of qualitative method used in this study.
It describes all data or the subject of the research. They are then analyzed, verified, and compared based on the current reality (Corbin and Strauss 2015, 14:37). Data used in this study are derived from primary data dan secondary data.
The primary data consists of the US government websites and documents released by the government, while the secondary data are derived from books, journals, news, and other reliable sources. Furthermore, this study uses the theoretical framework of foreign policy and national interest. Foreign Policy is a set of formulas, values, attitudes, directions, and goals to defend, secure, and advance national interests, in the international system (Perwita and Yani 2005, 27 have been gathered, sorted out, and verified, they are then analyzed using these concepts to formulate compelling arguments of the study.

President Donald Trump's Foreign Policy toward Israel
The election of President Donald Trump that replaces Barack Obama is a turning point in the U.S. foreign policy (Davis, 2019 The other deals also included the Palestinian confederation with Jordan and the transfer of some Palestinians to Sinai, Egypt. Egypt and Jordan would receive assistance from the United States to help boost the economies of the two countries (Glasser 2001, 39).

Jerusalem
There are several factors that influence the relocation of the U.S. Embassy from Tel-Aviv to Jerusalem. These factors will be used as supporting analysis in the decision to relocate the United States embassy which has been delayed for decades. Domestic politics become a factor that important in pushing for the decision to relocate the U.S. Embassy and the recognition of Jerusalem to be the Israel capital. Apart from that, economic, political and social conditions as well as the influence of interest groups were domestic factors, while international factors were the international political conditions that took place at that time.

The Israel Lobby
The Israel Lobby is one of the most powerful entities in determining the foreign policy of the United States, especially in the decision-making processes concerning Israel. Basically, the lobby is not a specific movement, but rather a coalition between individuals and organizations that are actively involved in shaping pro-Israel in the U.S. policy. The members of the Lobbying were mostly Jews or evangelical Christians (Mearsheimer and Walt 2006, 7).
In carrying out their actions, this interest group ensures that the policy is pro-Israel, especially in protecting Israel's interests in the foreign policy of the public opinion, participating in presidential elections, contributing to campaigns, pressuring the executive and the congress (Lenz 2018, 23). One of the most influential interest groups is AIPAC. The role of AIPAC in U.S. politics is through supporting US politicians who are pro-Israel (Mearsheimer and Walt 2006, 17).
The form of support is in the form of campaign funds to create favorable public opinion through the media. This interest group would also overthrow politicians who are not pro-Israel by supporting their political opponents. "We will move the American embassy to the eternal capital of the Jewish people, Jerusalem, and we will send a clear signal that there is no daylight between America and our most reliable ally, the state of Israel, When I become president, the days of treating Israel like a second-class citizen will end on day one." ISSN: 2987-6958 DOI: 10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.21 JSGS Vol. 1. No. 1. (2023 59

The Conservative Characteristics of the Republican Party
Within the Republican Party, a legislative initiative was developed for the relocation of the United States embassy from Tel-Aviv from Jerusalem. In 1995, New York senator from the republican party Alfonse D'Amato took part in turning the initiative into legislation, which is called the Jerusalem Embassy Act (JEA), even though at that time the president was from a democratic party (US Congress 1995). However, after the law was passed, President Bill Clinton was given the option to implement or suspend the plan to relocate the embassy for security reasons.  ISSN: 2987-6958 DOI: 10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.21 JSGS Vol. 1. No. 1. (2023

The Interest Groups of Evangelical and Zionist Christians
Evangelical Christian Zionist groups also support Israeli interests in the United States (Graizbord, 2020). This group is an interest group with non-Jewish members, that is, a larger, politically oriented sub-association of the group -the Christian

Right. Members of this group include religious figures such as the late Jerry
Falwell, Gary Bauer, Pat Robertson, and Jhon Hagee as well as politicians such as former House Majority Leaders Tom DeLay (Republican Party-Party) and ISSN: 2987-6958 DOI: 10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.21 JSGS Vol. 1. No. 1. (2023 Richard Armey (Republican Party-Texas), and Senator James Inhofe (Republican Party-Oklahoma).
Christian Zionists have formed several organizations specifically aimed at increasing support for Israel (Graizbord 2020, 35 (Freedman 2018, 9). Israel as a special ally of the United States is always ready to become a partner of the United States in the Middle East. This is exemplified by the United States' readiness in supporting the relocation of its embassy in Jerusalem through the Jerusalem Embassy Act. The law is very important for Israel because it will make Jerusalem its undisputed capital. This is because, although the center of Israeli government was in Jerusalem, it has not been fully recognized by the international community (Lewis 2012, 259).
For the United States, the strategic political advantage in relations with Israel is that during the Cold War, Israel's support for the United States made the United States stronger in the international community (Freedman 2018, 261).
Since then, Israel and the United States have exchanged intelligence and joint development of security technology to face the challenges of security in the future. Israel's relationship with the United States is based on mutual need to ISSN: 2987-6958 DOI: 10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.21 JSGS Vol. 1. No. 1. (2023 protect the countries' security interests in the Middle East. This has become the justification for the enduring strategic relations and cooperation in a variety of sectors, particularly the security ones, between the United States and Israel.

CONCLUSION
The implementation of the Jerusalem Embassy Act ( States has assisted Israel in maintaining its security and economic stability by providing a wide array of support ranging from security technology development assistance to weapons development. In the economic sector, the United States consistently provides economic assistance to Israel, such as through the annual aid that has been budgeted by the United States government. The Implementation of ISSN: 2987-6958 DOI: 10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.21 JSGS Vol. 1. No. 1. (2023 the Jerusalem Embassy Act confirms the theoretical framework of national interest that principally highlights the importance of implementing all necessary measures, including in the sphere of foreign policy, to protect and advance the wide range of national interests of a state (Ziring, Plano, and Olton 1995, 19). It is through the formulation of the United States' foreign policy of the JEA that this national interest was channeled (Perwita and Yani 2005, 77). The JEA would then help achieve the United States' interests and its allies, particularly in the Middle East.

Bibliography
Amstutz, Mark R. 2013. Evangelicals and American Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press.